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REVISITING THE MALAYSIAN ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION IN DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES THROUGH ITS HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Source: (Seabad Meniti Cabaran Menjana Peradaban Terbilang, Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, (2005) p.13)

It is almost certain that the earliest architectural education system in Malaysia obtained from the module of the British architectural education system. It is a fact that most countries under the occupation and its administration of British, consequently adapt and apply the education system in the country, and Malaysia falls in that category. The establishment of the earliest architectural program in this country have a significant connection with the British architectural education system where it began in 1925 as a technician training programme and the earliest architectural education module was implemented in Technical College (now known as Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) in 1956. The historical background of the earliest architectural programme in this country dated in August 1956, whereby, Julius Posener was appointed and given the responsibility to set up the architecture programme at the college. Posener was an architecture lecturer from Brixton School of Architecture then, took up the post and gradually transform the Building Design course into architecture program. He was largely responsible for building up the department and broadening the outlook of the students both architecturally and generally. In setting up the very first architecture program in Malaysia, Posener had ascertained that the new school would be dependent on Royal Institute’s architectural curriculum. The students were trained according to a new syllabus to prepare them for the RIBA Intermediate Examination which came into force in 1960, and held in the Federation once a year. There were many challenges and difficulties in setting up the first architectural program in Malaysia, among other difficulties were short of academic staff and transition years. However, in August 1962, the College introduced a program in architecture which led to a full professional status, and provided training for the intermediate and final examination of the RIBA. By August 1969, The Ministry of Education has decided to raise the College to the status of a University of Technology which would have an Architectural Course up to full Professional level. In tandem of this establishment, a number of institutions, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) and Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), introduced their own architectural program as well, which also having referred to RIBA curricula. Two bodies play important varying roles in architectural education in Malaysia are The Board of Architects Malaysia (LAM) and the Malaysian Institute of Architects (PAM). While The LAM is a statutory authority responsible in determining the standard for entry into the architectural profession and the accreditation of program of study in architecture, PAM took the task to oversee architectural education; to coordinate, facilitate and advance the pursuit of excellence in architectural education in Malaysian institutions and to educate the future architects (student/ graduate members of PAM) in preparing for professional practice and the building industry. In the early years of architectural education establishment, most of the Institutions offer curriculum based on the British system with both LAM Part I and Part II (equivalent to RIBA Part I and Part II respectively) or only LAM Part I qualification requirements. After more than 50 years of the establishments of architectural education in Malaysia, a lot of changes have been made by pioneers institution (UTM, UiTM and USM) and other institution after that. The curriculum implemented in UTM, UiTM and USM plays a major role in influencing the formation of a new architecture education programme implemented in several universities in the era of the 90s and early 2000s. Presently, there are more than thirty Architectural Education Institutions in Malaysia comprised of governmental and privately operated facilities in all states of Malaysia. Among the major government public universities that offer architectural studies are Universiti Malaya (UM), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) and International Islamic University Malaysia (UIAM). The private universities are the Taylor’s University, Lim Kok Wing University, UCSI University and many more. Other institutions include Polytechnics, University Colleges and Colleges. This development and progress have steered the direction of architectural education in Malaysia in terms of its originality of programme and the type of graduate they produced.

Diploma

Level

Bachelor Level

(Part 1)

Master Level

(Part 2)

Master Level (Research /

Mixed Mode

PhD Level

(Research /

Mixed Mode

24

25

15

12

12

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